Wednesday, January 26, 2011

[86] ベトナムの漢字 Chinese Characters in Vietnam

ヴェトナムの漢字

 ハノイ(ヴェトナム)で意外だったのは1070年に建てられた孔子廟です。廟の境内に立つと、周りが全部中国様式で中国にいるような錯覚に陥りました。
 廟の中に入って、赤いレンガ造りの建物に驚きました。日本か中国のお寺のようです。どうして中国式の建物がハノイにあるのかと思いました。しかしよく考えると、孔子や中国文化がヴェトナムに影響を与えていたのです。
 廟の前には人名が彫られた50~60本の石碑がありました。科挙合格者名簿です。文字は漢字で彫られていたので、大体意味が分かりました。合格者の誇りが漢字を通じて伝わってくるようでした。
 廟の中に入ると、赤と金色の高さ三メートルの座像が三体ありました。孔子、孟子、老子像です。日本ではこの三人の思想家について高校で習います。座像の後ろには漢字で書かれた巻物がありました。
 石碑が漢字で彫られていたのだから、当時のヴェトナム人は漢字を理解していたわけです。今では、漢字は廃止されヴェトナム語に変わっています。韓国朝鮮でも同様です。600年前、朝鮮人は漢字を使っていましたが、今ではハングル文字を使っています。
 漢字を使って韓国朝鮮人やヴェトナム人と意思の疎通ができないのは残念です。自国独自の言語を制定し、国家のアイデンティティを示す意義は分かりますが、独自言語のため、中国人、台湾人、ヴェトナム人、日本人の間のコミュニケーションができなくなっています。
 しかし、中国の経済成長は目覚ましく、漢字がこれら四カ国だけでなく広く世界に広まっていくでしょう。ヴェトナムや韓国朝鮮で漢字が廃止されたことを嘆くのは取り越し苦労でしょう。

          CHINESE CHARACTERS IN VEITNAM

  One of the most surprising things that I saw in Hanoi, Vietnam, was the Temple of Confucius, which was built in 1070. Standing in the temple grounds I thought as if I were in China, because everything that surrounded me was Chinese.
  First, when I entered the temple, I was astonished by red tile-roofed buildings. They were like Japanese or Chinese temples. I wondered why such Chinese style buildings were standing in Hanoi. On second thought, I realized the influence of Confucius and Chinese culture on Vietnam.
  Next, in front of the temple, I saw 50 or 60 steles on which persons’ names were inscribed. They were for those who had successfully passed the Kakyo or Civil Service Examinations, which are comparable to Tokyo University Entrance Examinations. The letters were all inscribed in Chinese characters, most of which I was able to comprehend. The inscriptions conveyed to me the pride of the successful candidates.
  When I entered the temple building, I was astonished by three 3-meter-high seated images decorated with red and golden clothes. They were the statues of Confucius, Mencius, and Lao-tze. Japanese students study about these three great Chinese philosophers in high school. At the backside of the statues, I saw some old scrolled documents written in Chinese characters.
  The Chinese characters on the steles indicated that Vietnamese people understood Chinese characters, but now they have been replaced with the Vietnamese language. The same is true with Korea. Just six hundred years ago they were using Chinese characters but now they are using Hangeul.
  It is a pity that I cannot communicate with Koreans or Vietnamese using Chinese characters. I understand the importance of national identity by establishing their original languages, but they are hindrance for the communication among Chinese, Taiwanese, Vietnamese, and Japanese.
  However, maybe, because of the Chinese economic development, Chinese characters will prevail not only in these four countries but also all over the world. I should not deplore the abolishment of Chinese characters in Vietnam and Korea so much.

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