桃太郎の家来はなぜ猿雉犬か
ところが、鬼は退治されなければならぬのです。それは古代中国の思想に関係があります。
古代中国の「陰陽五行思想」では、北東は「鬼門」と呼ばれ、災いをもたらす方向でした。上の図の丑寅の方向です（赤い文字）。鬼は丑のように角が生え、寅のパンツをはいているのは丑寅のためです。
「鬼門」と相対する方向は「裏鬼門」と呼ばれ、申の方向（図の青い文字）です。鬼と申は敵対関係にあります。干支は右回りですので、申の次は酉、戌です。
ですから、桃太郎は鬼に敵対する猿、鳥（雉）、犬を従えて鬼退治に行き、鬼を退治しました。
最近受講した名古屋市民大学講座（講師・深草正博教授）で知りました。
The Japanese folk tale "Momotaro" is well known throughout Japan. Some
people criticize it, saying: "Momotaro is a bad guy because he invades
Onigashima, or Devils’ Land, and robs them of their fortune."
However, the devils
must be vanquished. Why? The reason is connected to the ancient Chinese
philosophy called Inyo Gogyo.
According to Inyo
Gogyo, the northeast direction is called Kimon, or Demon’s Gate. It is the evil
direction that causes disasters in human lives. Look at the diagram above. Ushi
(bull) and Tora (tiger) in red letters indicate the evil direction. That’s why
the devil has two horns like a bull and wears shorts made of tiger skin.
The opposite
direction of Kimon is called Ura-kimon, which is the direction of the monkey.
Look at the blue letter in the diagram. Therefore, Demon and Monkey are
adversarial. Eto goes around in a clockwise way, so the closest neighbors of
the monkey are the bird and the dog. Therefore, Momotaro took a monkey, a
pheasant, and a dog as his followers and went to Onigashima to conquer the
demons.
I studied this when I attended Prof. Masahiro Fukakusa’s lecture at Nagoya Citizen College the other day.
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